By 2026 Austria will have tightened its firearms rules, and the short answer is that open carry will effectively be prohibited for the vast majority of citizens. The new legislation narrows the list of weapons allowed in public, raises licensing standards, and introduces mandatory concealed‑carry permits only for validated security needs. As a result, anyone hoping to walk down a Vienna boulevard with a visible rifle or handgun will face criminal penalties unless they fall under a very narrow exemption.
Legal framework before 2026
Prior to the amendment, Austria’s “Waffengesetz” permitted open carry of certain firearms for licensed sport shooters, hunters, and members of recognized shooting clubs. Possession was regulated by a “Waffenbesitzkarte” (weapon possession card) and a separate “Waffentragerecht” (carrying right) could be granted for hunting or competition purposes. Public display of a firearm was generally tolerated if the holder could demonstrate a legitimate reason and did not cause alarm.
What the 2026 amendments introduced
The 2026 reform, passed by the National Council in March 2025, introduced three core changes:
- Restriction of weapon categories – semi‑automatic rifles and handguns with calibers above 9 mm are now classified as “restricted weapons” and may not be carried openly under any circumstance.
- Enhanced licensing – applicants must complete a 120‑hour safety course, pass a psychological evaluation, and provide a documented threat assessment to qualify for a “Waffentragerecht.”
- Concealed‑carry only – the law explicitly limits public carriage to concealed weapons and requires a separate “Verdeckte‑Tragerecht” permit, which is issued only to security professionals, law‑enforcement officials, and individuals with verifiable personal risk.
How the changes affect open carry
Open carry, once a peripheral right for sport shooters, is now effectively illegal for civilian use. The amendment defines “open carry” as the visible presentation of a firearm in public spaces, including streets, parks, and transport hubs. Violations carry fines up to €5,000 or imprisonment of up to twelve months. Exceptions exist for organized shooting events, parades, and approved hunting excursions, but participants must keep the weapon concealed once they leave the designated area.
Practical steps for gun owners
- Verify your permit – check whether your current “Waffenbesitzkarte” still applies under the new categories.
- Apply for a concealed‑carry permit – if you have a demonstrable security need, submit the required risk assessment to your regional police authority.
- Attend the mandatory training – the 120‑hour course must be completed before any new permit is issued.
- Secure your firearms – store weapons in approved lockboxes when not actively used, as the law now imposes stricter storage penalties.
- Stay informed – legislative updates are posted on the Federal Ministry of the Interior’s website; failure to comply may result in retroactive penalties.
Frequently asked questions
Does the 2026 law ban all forms of open carry?
Yes, except for limited scenarios such as authorized shooting competitions, official hunting trips, and ceremonial events where a special permit is granted.
Can a sport shooter still transport a rifle openly to a shooting range?
Transport is permitted, but the weapon must be unloaded, locked in a case, and not visible to the public. Open display while walking to the range remains prohibited.
What penalties apply for violating the open‑carry prohibition?
Offenders face fines up to €5,000 or imprisonment for up to twelve months, depending on the seriousness and whether the weapon is classified as restricted.
Are concealed‑carry permits easy to obtain?
No. The permit is restricted to individuals with documented personal threats, security personnel, or law‑enforcement agents. Applicants must complete extensive training and pass a psychological screening.
Will foreign visitors be subject to the same open‑carry rules?
Yes. Any person physically present in Austria, regardless of nationality, must adhere to the 2026 regulations. Visitors planning to bring firearms for hunting or sport must obtain the appropriate Austrian permits before arrival.